A persistent increase in blood pressure in approximately the adult population of the planet is observed. In the arterial hypertension risk group there are people over 40, mainly men. Representatives of the opposite sex also suffer from this ailment, but much less frequently and generally at an advanced age. In women, arterial hypertension usually occurs after 50 years, during menopause. This is due to the imbalance of hormones in the body due to the cessation of the production of sex hormones with ovaries.
Fortunately, modern medicine has an extensive arsenal of cardiotropic medicines that allow it to control blood pressure in patients, thus avoiding the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients. At the same time, the patient's lifestyle plays an important role in the effectiveness of treatment, in all cases of the disease, it is recommended to reject bad habits, reduction of body weight, moderate physical activity, consumption restrictionof the salt table.
What is arterial hypertension?
This is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (essential hypertension) and proceed within the framework of the symptom of other diseases.
Vascular hundreds in constant tension change and lose their functions, this affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important, with a persistent increase in blood pressure above 130/80 mm HGPEGPAGE in contact with the doctor or cardiologist to examine and select medications for regular control of blood pressure.
Depending on pressure indicators, 3 degrees of arterial hypertension are distinguished. The first is characterized by an increase in systolic pressure at 160 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm Hg. Art. The second is characterized by indicators up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third, more than 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. respectively. During the diagnosis, only an indicator is sufficient for the doctor to diagnose arterial hypertension and establish their degree.
Reasons
The exhaustive list of factors that cause the disease does not exist, but scientists managed to establish a direct dependence on arterial hypertension in some diseases, conditions and habits that include:
- hereditary predisposition;
- prolonged stress;
- excess body weight;
- diabetes and other endocrine disturbances in history;
- kidney diseases, adrenal glands;
- Age -related changes in the circulatory system;
- Too much salt consumption;
- use of hormonal contraception;
- alcoholic beverage abuse;
- The uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictive nostrils, coffee abuse.
- lack of physical activity;
- elderly age.
Symptoms
Patients may not experience any symptom of arterial hypertension, with a long -term syndrome, due to the adaptation of blood vessels to high blood pressure numbers. From the characteristic signs of the disease, headache, non -systemic dizziness can be distinguished. You can also see "flies" in the eyes, tides, episodes of rapid beats, nasal bleeding and noise in the ears.
The signs listed above can be more or less pronounced, depend on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, regardless of the degree of its manifestation, it is necessary in any case to seek medical help to normalize blood pressure, careful examination and prescription therapy.
If the pathology is not accompanied by any symptoms, this does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the condition of the vascular walls. To detect asymptomatic hypertension in people from risk groups, it is recommended to regularly control the pressure using a tonometer.
With an increase in blood pressure greater than 140 by 90 mm Hg. Art. , As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headaches, lack of breath, heart pain, nasal bleeding must be caused by the ambulance. The hypertonic crisis as a complication, the condition that requires emergency medical care. In the absence of such, the State can gain a character that threaten life and lead to serious complications and even the death of the patient.
Diagnosis
When suspicious symptoms appear, in the first place, it is important to visit a therapist or cardiologist. In the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects an anamnesis.
The specialist clarifies the necessary information to determine the tactics of the exam and treatment. It includes concomitant chronic diseases, drug shots, bad habits, inheritance in cardiovascular diseases and patient's physical activity.
Then, the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies. It is recommended that clinical protocols direct the patient to general clinical tests of blood and urine, determine the level of glucose, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), indicators of lipid profile, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TSH hormones, T3 andT4 and T4 without T3 and T4 Evaluate the function of the thyroid gland.
It is imperative to perform electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily blood pressure monitoring (MAMD). Send the doctor to the doctor an ophthalmologist to examine the bloody vessels. The presence of retinal angiopathy is one of its most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.
Treatment of arterial hypertension
The direction of therapy depends on the degree of arterial hypertension, the severity of the State, the causes of pathology and other factors. In the first place, it is important to change the lifestyle: abandon bad habits, connect regular training or long walks in fresh air and leave a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular use of medicines, daily monitoring of blood pressure.
In some cases, surgical intervention is required (for example, the elimination of neoplasm in the adrenal gland). If the pathological process is secondary (it is a consequence of a disease), the treatment must be aimed at eliminating the main ailment.
Recommended medications
The therapeutic scheme develops for each patient individually. As a rule, the following means are used for therapy:
- ECA inhibitors. These medications reduce pressure by reducing total peripheral vascular resistance. They are first -line medications and are released according to the doctor's recipe.
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have a similar mechanism of action, are prescribed for the intolerance to ECA inhibitors or in the presence of contraindications for them.
- Beta blockers. They work due to the blocking of adrenergic β1 receptors located in the heart. This leads to a change in the innervation of the heart, a decrease in the frequency and force of cardiac contractions, a decrease in pressure. Priority in patients with concomitant heart rhythm disorders.
- Calcium antagonists. Its main property is the ability to reversibly inhibit calcium movement in cellular structures. The medications of this class are released according to the doctor's recipe.
- SedativesIt was shown in cases where arterial hypertension causes stress. Safe drugs based on the plant include Novopassit, Motherwort, Valerian extract in the form of a tablet.
- Some complex and additive mineral vitamins can be useful.
There are contraindications. A specialist's consultation is needed.
All medications, doses and the duration of the administration must be determined by the treating doctor. Most drugs are released in pharmacies only according to recipes, since with un controlled use it can cause severe adverse reactions to death.
Prevention
The clinical recommendations for the prevention of arterial hypertension are related to the elimination of all existing factors that can cause the development of the pathological process. First, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, abandon bad habits, monitor body mass, limit salty, sharp and spicy products in nutrition, regularly monitor pressure indicators, especially if there are risks of hypertension development associated with ahereditary factor.
If essential hypertension has already been diagnosed, the patient is prescribed antihypertensive medications for regular intake, followed by blood pressure control. Objective indicators of blood pressure according to current clinical protocols<130/80 mm Hg